User talk:Mark~nawiki
Template:Talofa Belgian man 12:49, 7 January 2006 (UTC)
pronouns
NAURUAN PERSONAL PRONOUN TABLE
The information in this table is based on Kayser’s Nauruan Grammar and other written sources. Where there are alternative forms separated by “~”, the forms on the right are in the orthography used in the 1976 Nuwawit Testament Etsimeduw, while the forms on the left are in the older orthography used in the 1914 Bible. The orthographies used in the Nauruan Grammar and other works all differ to some degree from both of these.
Emphatic 1 singular nanga~naña 2 singular ngawe~ñawe 3 singular ngeiy~ñei 1 dual inclus ngattar~ñadar 1 dual exclus ngamar~ñamar 2 dual ngamuror~ñamũrõr 3 dual nguror~ñũrõr 1 trial inclus ngatteiy~ñadei 1 trial exclus ngameiy~ñamei 2 trial ngamieiy~ñamiãi 3 trial ngureiy~ñũrei 1 plural inclus ngatta~ñada 1 plural exclus ngama~ñama 2 plural ngamie~ñamiã 3 plural ngura~ñũra
The independent form of the pronouns are the above with the initial "ng-" removed - except for the 1st singular where the initial "n" is removed
Dependent 1 singular a~A 2 singular wo 3 singular e/i/o 1 dual inclus ar 1 dual exclus mar~amar 2 dual mwar 3 dual or/ar~ar 1 trial inclus eiy~ei 1 trial exclus meiy~mei 2 trial mweiy~amwei 3 trial reiy~arei 1 plural inclus ang~añ 1 plural exclus ma~ama 2 plural mwa~amwa 3 plural re/ri/ro
Objective 1 singular o/eo~õ/eõ 2 singular uw [w] 3 singular ø;amea (m); rar[une] (m);eita~ãita (f);eitune~ãitune (f) 1 dual inclus kattar~gadar 1 dual exclus kamar~gamar 2 dual kamuror~gamũrõr 3 dual uror~ũrõr 1 trial inclus katteiy~gadei 1 trial exclus kameiy~gamei 2 trial kamiey~gamiãi 3 trial ureiy~ũrei 1 plural inclus katta~gada 1 plural exclus kama~gama 2 plural kamie~gamiã 3 plural ura~ũra
The indirect forms add "a" to the above forms except for the 1st sungular which is "a me"
The dependent forms of the pronouns are only used before verbal bases or before time and mode particles [eitiok~eitsiõk, nan, num~nim, ogiten, og in, oreita~õreita, oren~õren, tuwin] and the limited number of adverbials that can preceed [tuk~tik, ta] verbal bases. In some orthographies, the 1st and 3rd singular dependent pronouns are attached to these words – and verbal bases themselves – without any consistency.
The 3rd person singular forms are mainly demonstratives used where gender specification is required, as the pronouns “ngeiy, eiy, e, a” are gender non-specific.
Examples: ar eitsiõk idõg a eman Ge19:8 they(d) not yet have relations with a man a nan pwan aw Ac7 I will tell you nañ a ko ñabüna ediedüm, bue wo nüm aeae iö re mäg in eö dögedög ñüra Nuw18:3 go(s) to your brothers so that you(s) should see that they(p) dwell in safety bwe ang ogiten tied ngana deidein annit imin bita Edogor Ro7:14 for we(pi) have known that the law is a thing of the spirit [spiritual] tsin ia wo ogin omeata[sic] mibũna eñame Ex3:12 if you(s) have finished taking out those people adaga naga wo reit pwan o ngan a mo? Mr10:18 why now are you reporting about me that I am good? oreita meg i amea wangara king ngabuna juden, ngea oren opudu? Mt2:2 where is he, the king of the Jews, living, who has just been born? re jeñ ñaga re tuwin eren Ge30:38 they conceived when they came to drink A tuwiten ngawor Joh21:3 I’m going fishing omo ngaga ang ta megen ine Mt17:4 it is good for us to be here a ta pan a uw NG:19 I tell it to you(s) only A tik miet erenimi ion Ge37:9 I have dreamed yet a dream
Notes from Kayser’s Nauruan Grammar on Personal Pronouns:
(1) page 19 the nominative [independent form] of the first and second person is often used (to avoid ambiguity) for the accusative[ objective]; sometimes even this interchange is caused only for the sake of euphony, e.g.: a tatta auwe, I put you up [lift you up] – a tatta uw, is correct but sounds strange and moreover is able to mean, I put up [lift up] to you; re tatta ea amea demoniba aña, they put me up to [ brought me before] the Lord ; re tatta eö ea demoniba, or, re tatta ö ea demoniba, is grammatically correct but this mode of expression is not current.
(2) page 19 the verbal [dependent] pronouns “e” and “re” may euphonically become “i” and “o” and correspondingly “ri” and “ro” . “o” and “ro” are used when the vowel of the first syllable is an “o” or an “ö”; “i” and “ri” stand before the particle denoting the future, “nan, and the adverb, “ta”.
(3) page 19 the verbal [dependent] pronoun 2nd. person singular and 3rd. person plural drop their own vowel when followed by a word beginning with an accented vowel, e.g.: w’eö nañ’ a bita rober bu’äeäe, do not go [near] to that dog for he bites; w’eiki ñana r’idödön uw? do you not know that they laugh at you?; r’eiküba iö r’adad emor, they are unskilled when they catch flying fish
(4) page 19 if special emphasis is to be laid on the person then the strengthened [emphatic] form is used and always [put] on the end of the sentence; very often the strengthened [emphatic] and absolute [independent] forms are juxtaposed - [with the emphatic form] also always on the end of the sentence, e.g.: eiki ökör ñeij, he especially knows nothing at all; mar eab mogur ñamar, we two, we will not work; eko iö a eät, aña nana, I have seen nothing [of him]
(5) page 19 for the sake of euphony all the plural forms [of the dependent pronouns] may end in “ñ”, except “re” and its variants
(6) (a) page 19 the exclusive adverb “only, alone” is expressed by “ta” or “t” before a vowel. If the “ta” qualifies a pronoun in the nominative then it is placed before the absolute [independent] form and the verbal [dependent] pronoun is dropped, e.g.: t’aña pan a uwen, I alone told you(s); t’auwe pan, only you(s) say [it]
(6) (b) if the adverb qualifies a pronoun in the dative or accusative [objective], then it stands between the verbal [dependent] pronoun and the verb, and the stress is then laid on the dative or accusative [objective], e.g.: a ta pan a uw, I tell it to you(s) ony; a ta pan añen kamürör, I told it to you two only
(7) page 19 to express the meaning of “even, self”, the particle “kör/ökör” is used, e.g.: auwe ökör wo pan a me, you yourself told me
(8) page 19 to express “alone”, the particles “ta…ökör” will serve, e.g.: t’auwe ökör wo pan a me, you alone told me
(9) page 19 to express the meaning “also, even, the very…”, the word “bät” is used, e.g.: auwe bät ion inno, even you were there
Examples of various pronouns:
A ME ~ AME
amwa nan etsiõ ame Mt2:8 you must send word to me ;
anga anim okor taufe eow turum me wo re ame nanga? Mt3:14 I myself should be baptized by you(s) but you come to me?
A UW ~ AW wo nim kaiõt aen Sarah memak aw Ge21:12 you must hear Sarah’s whole voice to you(s) [i.e. listen to her words] ; eraban aeõ aw Ge27:8 obey my voice to you(s); eh, ea an eañada damadamit edũm aw Ge27:45 yes, until the ceasing of the anger of your(s) brother/s for you (s); ekeow wanga silver me gold me bita oreit meg turu a nan oiyaw Ac3:6 I have no silver or gold but that thing dwelling by me [i.e. what I have] I shall give to you(s) ; bwe ngaga wo gona am eke awe emenangame, me kwokwon aw ko ngea 1Co7:21 for when you(s) are able [to obtain] your(s) becoming a freeman, seek for your[self](s) that thing ; a nan nanga uw i tekeiy anga amen ire ion Re3:3 I will go to you(s) like I am a thief ; a nan rangaw ngawe Re3:10 I also will attend to you(s) ; a nan omeataw nuwawin mungana imin re nim meta iruwin mungane Re4:1 I will take out [show] to you(s) news concerning those thing that they must occur after these things ; ewinaw ia wo ogok ititao me oganedoen egom me oaeoum Re4:11 it is fitting for you(s) that you(s) hold/have praise and your (s) renown name and your(s) power ;
oiyon awen anga Ac9:17 send/sent me now to you(s) ; me tin wo okewin awen agem ion me wo eo duran 1Co7:28 if you (s) now make fitting for you (s) ;a spouse for you(s), you(s) do not now sin
AM = ang + num = we must…, let us…;
am tsim ũra kõr Ge11:3 let us bake them thoroughly ;
bwa amõ ririñ ziegeln Ge11:3 for we should make bricks;
am etetei ñaiũra ñabũna ãn Ge34:21 let us court their daughters
AMA ama eatowen memag wama imin Mr10:28 we now leave all our things; me ama ngama, ama oreita pwopwan angogen amea Christus 1Co1:23 but as for us we are preaching concerning Christ; amanget amen oduwen mungana Ac5:32 we are now become witnesses to these things; bwe amanget dangen God in mogur 1Co3:9 for we are now become companions of God in work; tekeiy anang amangen bwiyubwiyin bwadubwedin eb ane 1Co4:13 as though we are now become the useless bit of the rubbish of this land [world] ; bwe amangen boiyararain bon Christus 2Co2:15 for we are now become a sweet smelling incense of Christ
AMAIM ~ AMAM= ama + num; õmeata a kõ gama ũrõr, bwa amam idõg a ũrõr Ge19:5 bring out to us those two that we might have relations with them(d); ama ren bwe amaim adoreiy Mt2:2 we have now come so that we might adore him ; awe ngea enim re oa amaim kan daing tuk ion ekae? Mt11:3 you(s) are the one who must come or we should again await another different one? ; bwe amaim ranga eteiber ngama Ac6:2 so that we should attend to the table
AMAR amariet amen oduwen angogen ngana Ac3:15 we are now become witnesses concerning those things ; bwe amar oreit ngangatiniow tinimar ngan ewewitow iatubago 2Co4:2 for we are leaving off from us those things hidden in private; amar ogaro ea engame nuwawit imin 2Co5:11 we make clear to people news concerning the matter; ngagan, amarien won amet torer Christus 2Co5:20 therefore we are now become speakers belonging to Christ; tekeiy amariet amen mwiyinga me amar eodogin me in ibibogi 2Co6:10 like we are now become sorrowful people but we do no stop rejoicing; tekeiy amariet engame emaen ekeow emit tuwen 2Co6:10 like we are now become a party of poor people tekeiy amariet engame emaen ngabun ekeow wongara min 2Co6:10 like we are now become a party of people that there are no things belonging to them [i.e. having nothing]
AMARUM ~ AMARŨM
okwadeiy ko kamar, bwe amarum megeda wong eat demarumwin bem Mr10:37 grace us so that we might successfully sit on your(s) right hand
AMEA = demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular distal amea enanga a Jesus ngag obum Joh3:2 he went to Jesus when night Jesus ebaragageng amea Mk 1:25 Jesus rebuked him eogiten omeata ea amea Lu2:26 he had shown to him
AMIE amie mwa baru ko…dogin bwe aeo[sic] dogidogin nanga Joh19:6 take him …because I do not find any fault amiengen ngangain ngabuna prophet me ngangain bita testament Ac3:25 you are now become sons of prophets and sons of the testament ta amie mwa kabeiy ko ia imin eimwi eow ian men God ia inum erabwamie eken a ngeiy! Ac4:19 you - esteem it that it is a right thing before God that one should obey you more than Him! bwe amienget teman baruen beo n apostel 1Co9:2 for you are now become the sign of my service of apostle amienget tuwen amea Christus 1Co12:27 you are now become the flesh [body] of Christ amiengen okor murana wamar tereta 2Co3:2 you are now become much so our letter
AMUROR ~ AMŨRÕR wo nan tik akõda, mi nan amũrõr Aaron Ex19:24 you(s) shall yet go up, and will [be] you two Aaron [i.e. Aaron with you]
AMWA amwa tũkõ Ge11:3 come! (plural imperative)
AMWAIM ~ AMAM imin amwaim okarawuineiy on kamie Mt6:25 the thing you yourself should wear clothing by it
ANG ang ongow ko me ang togi Bethlehem Lu2:15 let us go to the place and we end [at] Bethlehem bwe ang um aeae mineiyina emeta Lu2:15 so that we might see that word it comes out [i.e. comes to pass] ang eedien an raidid Joh1:14 we now see his glory
ANGA wo pwaten, anga iking ion Joh18:37 you now say I am a king bwe eko ibaka ia A ãt iow Itũrin aña Joh19:6 for there is no bad that I see by him [i.e. find in him] dogin ngune me ouwak eken an dura amea ngea otowen inibem anga Joh19:11 the sin of the man who now places me into your(s) hand is greater for this reason angat engame dogin ngune Joh18:37 I am now become a human for this reason
AR = 1st dual inclusive [you (s) and I but not he, dependent pronoun] bwe ewuina kattar ia ar um ouga me eke owongonen memag mungan eimwi Matt3:15 for it is fitting for us (you and me) that we (you and I) should be thus and make its being accomplished all that is right/ thus it becometh us to [it is fitting that we should NJB] fulfil all righteousness ASV tsin ia ar ima epo, A eab ereriõnuw Matt26:35 if we die together I will not deny you(s)
ARUM ~ ARŨM = ar + num A kõñ aw bwa arũmõ baõ Ge13:9 I request to you(s) so that we(di) should separate tũkõ bwa arũm õrenõt etõñidar wein Ge19:32 come so that we(di) should make to drink with wine our(di) father bwa arũmõ naña eow añe itañin wõn epowi Ge31:4 so that we(di) should go to the field by his flock
AREI = they three, the three of them [dependent pronoun] e tik ãtiet eñame arumen ar etsini, ñea Jakobus ñain Zebedãus, mi Johannes ñea etsin, iat dobot ũrei etõñũrõr, arei õreita ñatarei wañarei iw Matt4:21 he yet now sees two men AREIUM ~ AREIŨM ma arei õmamo bũriõũrei bwa areiũmõ naña mi nõñi mõ õbebe bũriõũn Job2:11 they made an appointment together to come to bemoan him and to comfort him
ATTA me atta memag memag, ngaga ang oreit kanieiy on meta mungan eo bongebonge an raidid amea Demoniba 2Co3:18 but we all, with unveiled face beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord attangen okor ngain God ngage me etiok nungida bet bwe inan atta ekegen yamwen. ang tidien ngana, tin ia inan nungida me ang nan didobo a 1John3:2 we are really now become children of God but it is not yet exposed also that we shall be what in the future we have come to know that if [when] he will be exposed then we will be similar to him
AWE ~ AUWE auwe ijegen, ñaiũ? Ge27:18 who are you, my son? auwe ñain ijegen? Whose daughter are you? A eab eatow auwe Ge32:26 I will not leave you auwe wo nan ek’auwe aduwen Ex4:16 as for you, you shall become his god/s mõ õmeata ame auwe Ex34:2 and present yourself to me wo nim auwã aranom tekei am ta auwe auwãw Le19:18 you shall love your neighbour like your loving yourself awe wongara king ngabuna juden oa iyok? Joh18:33 you are king of the Jews or no? wo oreit oraiy mineiyina ia ta awe wo ouga oa engame ibun bwain ange ro pwan awen ngeiyine bwe angogon[sic] nanga? Joh18:34 sayest thou this of thyself, or did others tell it thee concerning me? / is it of your own originality that you say this, or did others tell you about me? NWT ro otow inibeo awe Joh18:35 delivered thee unto me / delivered you up to me NWT ogen, awa[sic] naga iking ion? Joh18:37 well, then, are you a king? NWT adaga, wo eiki ngana etimine oaeoiu n kabareiy uw me oaeoiu u[sic] eatow awe? Joh19:10 knowest thou not that I have power to release thee and power to crucify thee? / do you not know that I have authority to release you and I have authority to impale you? NWT tin ia wo eatow amune me inan t’eo awe dangen amea Caesar Joh19:12 if you release this man you are not a friend of Caesar NWT auwet eñab 1Sa8:5 thou art old KJV
AIYUM ~ AIJŨM amwar tũkõ, bwa aijũm edu Ge11:7 come, let us go down aijũmõ õekae aũra kakairũ bwe re nim iki aeõra Ge11:7 let us(t) make different their language that they might not know their words
E/I/O In 1914 Bible “a” appears before stems beginning with and “a” to mark 3rd singular dependent pronoun, e.g.: a aia Ge29:25 a akaberere Ge32:24 a amwedu Ge27:16 a anũ Ge49:4 a auwã Ge24:67;29:30
EITA = demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular distal me tuk ina ro pwan anget eita Mk1:30 and they at once told him about her
EITUNE = demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular proximal A ũge a ãitune Ge20:13 I speak to her [this woman]
EIY me eiy eoiyot ina ngabuna eanni ean ta engog aeiyin Mt8:16 and he sent out the spirits by just one word me eiy emiyemiy Mt8:24 but he slept eiy akor a pwana kamie, mwa miow ko amea Lu12:5 he it is I tell to you, fear him bwe tamo ngea ta eiy eke king, oreit obo a amea Caesar Joh19:12 for every one that makes himself king is lining up against Caesar
KAMA~ GAMA me ri ta dadaing kama eow Troas Ac20:5 and waited for us at Troas NEB amen oduwen angogen ngane memag kama Ac2:32 witnesses concerning these things are all of us okwadeiy kama ngabuna am ngame, bwe re nim oraraiy aem iat eo miow ia aigetow Ac4:29 grace us your people that they might utter your voice without fear at all wo eo duwokun nanga kama Ac9:38 do not delay in coming to us KAMAR ~ GAMAR kania ko kamar! Ac3:3 look at us [two]! adaga naga mwa oreita mwitongon bitune oa adaga naga mwa oreita kania kamar bwe tekeiy amar odugidugoien amune ian ta oaeoumar Ac3:12 why now you are marvelling at this thing or why now you are looking at us(d) as though we(d) now make to walk this man by only our(d) power tin ia eotow iat ekom kamar ngabumine Ac4:9 if we this day are examined ASV tin ia eotow iat ekom kamar ngabumine bwe dogin amar riring a amea ngea arag tuwet emogur ion omo Ac4:9 if we this day are examined concerning a good deed done to an impotent man [sick man NEB] ASV
KAMIE ~ GAMIÃ eimwi bwa A nim eõ miow in pan a gamiã añõgen amea patriarch ñea David Ac2:29 mwa otimor ko kamie tinit engame ngadetene ngabun ebaka Ac2:40 save yourselves from this perverse generation JB mwa kongong bwe enim oiya kamie engame ion ngea eamen abab ngame Ac3:14 you begged..the release of a murderer NEB
KAMUROR ~ GAMŨRÕR = you two, the two of you [objective] anan eke eamen ongawor engame kamuror / A nan eke gamũrõr amen ñawor ñame Matt4:19
KATTA ~ GADA otimor ko katta ang eman Mt8:25 [do make us healthy, ie save us – we are now perishing] ngam eo ewuina gata me mwa ta nanga ko ngabuna eamen erow me mwa erow ko wamie Mt25:9 perhaps there may not be quite enough for us and you. Be on your way, instead, to those who sell it and buy for yourselves tekeiy aura mwinen a katta eow ian mwin ngabuna obwo meora Lu1:2 inan oekae mungana angogen iyong ngana amea Moses oiya katta ngago Ac6:14 and shall change the customs which Moses delivered unto us ASV
KATTAR bwe ewuina kattar ia ar um ouga me eke owongonen memag mungan eimwi Matt3:15 for it is fitting for us (you and me) that we (you and I) should be thus and make its being accomplished all that is right/ thus it becometh us to [it is fitting that we should NJB] fulfil all righteousness ASV
MAR ~ AMAR = 1st dual exclusive [he and I but not you, dependent pronoun] amar mi erenimi gaton anũbũmit eworin, ei ma aña Ge41:11 we (he and I) dreamt a dream one each on the night of one occasion, he and I
MEIY/AMEIY tin ia wo teng me meiy nan oeiy eoag aiyu ine Mt17:4 if you wish we three will build here three houses ameiy nan oeiy eoag aiyu Mr9:5 let us build three houses
MWEIYUM eiy ngea mweiyum erabwan Mt17:5 he is the one you should obey
NANGA wo oreit oraiy mineiyina ia ta awe wo ouga oa engame ibun bwain ange ro pwan awen ngeiyine bwe angogon[sic] nanga? Joh18:34 sayest thou this of thyself, or did others tell it thee concerning me? / is it of your own originality that you say this, or did others tell you about me? NWT amie mwa baru ko…dogin bwe aeo[sic] dogidogin nanga Joh19:6 take him yourselves…for I do not find any fault in him NWT ngagan, teo anga nanga a oreita riring ngana, bwe bita idura ngea emeg ia Ro7:17 so now it is no more I that do it, but sin which dwelleth in me ngagan, a ouge n nanga: adaga, God edareowet tinin ngeiy oa iyok ngabuna epon an ngame? ekeow ngana, bwe anga nanga, anga bet Israelit ion, anga rugin amea Abraham, anga aroen amea Benjamin me ñagan, A ũge, õten, God eatow an eponñame? iõk. bwa aña bet amen Israel ion ñea an karig Abraham, ñea earõen Benjamin Ro11:1 therefore I myself say: what, has God pushed away from himself his people, or not? it is not that, for I also am an Israelite, I am [of] Abraham’s descent, [of] the tribe of Benjamin and therefore I say: how now, God left his people? no, for I also am an Israelite, [of] Abraham’s seed, [of] the tribe of Benjamin
NGAMA me ñama ama nan eke gama an tsiõ waña temoniba Ge44:9 we will be my lord’s bondsmen adaga naga ama eo gonaet oiyot inna amea, ngama? Mr9:27 how is it that we could not cast it out? me ama ngama, ama oreita pwopwan angogen amea Christus 1Co1:23 but we preach Christ me God omeatangen kor kama, ngama, mungana eow ean amea Annin 1Co2:10 but unto is God revealed them through the Spirit
NGAMAR bwe amar oreit eibogi ngana amar yurung ngamar 2Co13:9 for we rejoice when we are weak
NGAMIE adaga naga mwa miowen ngamie oning amie tueb Mt8:26 [why now are you afraid, you small of faith] bwe waten Christus kamie ngamie 1Co3:23 in turn you belong to Christ NWT mwa eo derigaiy kamio[sic] ngamie 1Co6:9 do not be misled NWT ngamie mwa oaweiyidan eat obweni ngea nuwawen teo ta riringen bwe amie teng bet 2Co8:10 to make a beginning ..noit only to do but to will
NGAMUROR adaga ñamũrõr Moses ma Aaron amwar teñ õijõn mibũne eñame Ex5:4 wherefore do ye, Moses and Aaron, loose the people from…
NGATTA bwe enim eke ometimetieiyeta ngatta ang eagadangen bita edae ngea togit edae 1Co10:11 for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the ages are come
NGEIY me Jesus ere murana ben ngeiy me towetowe amea Mt8:3 and Jesus extended [stretched out] his [own] hand and touched him eaeata ngen ngeiy mungana yurungita Mt8:17 [he proceeded to placed on himself our weaknesses]
NGURA bwe ngabuna bet r oreita meg, re nim eo ta meg bwe dogura ngura 2Co5:15 that they that live should no longer live unto themselves mi ngura, ri nan eke aeo ngame ura 2Co6:16 and they shall be my people nañ a ko ñabüna ediedüm, bue wo nüm aeae iö re mäg in eö dögedög ñüra Nuw18:3
OR/AR ~ AR = 3rd dual [they two, the two of them, dependent pronoun] ñag ar ogitet dorer Abraham Ge18:33 ar mi erenimi gaton, ion emi erenimi ion mi ion emi erenimi ion, ian aibũmin Ge40:5 amerumena ar oraiyeduw atet wongaror iw / ñag ar eatu wañarõr iw ijited Matt4:18 amerumena or erowiowen wongaror iw / ar erowi dobot Matt4:22 amen eragunene arumen or gar mwimwin Mt8:28 [two demon-possessed met up with him] Amerumena or metan ian mungana raoit amen ima Mt8:28 [those two then went out from the cave of the dead] ngaga or akodan iat okwo me ongaiyin / ñag ar akõdawen iat dobot, eañedan eñin Matt14:32 arumet engame or torer a Lu9:30
RAR[UNE] wo man oa ijök iö wo ñati’ renemi rar? NG:8 can you interpret the dream of the man here present? iduö’ rar NG:9 he is right rangeduwa ko rarune Lu10:35 look after him JB
URA ~ ŨRA = 3rd plural [independent pronoun] eatow ko ngabuna eman bwe t ura ri nan iriedu wongara eamen ima Mt8:22 [leave the dead so that they themselves will bury their dead] me oudon ura me ouge Mr9:15 and he asked them me ta ura ro ouge a ura Mr10:26;12:7 mwa miow ko amea ngea, ngaga ogiten abab ngame, etimine turin oaeout eoraiyeduw iat hell ura Lu12:5 ia engame ro kamwinen a wong ura kamie 2Co11:20 if he taketh you captive me ngabuna eoning teo ura ngabuna re nim kekepwoiy mungana treasure ea innora me etongura 2Co12:14 for the children ought not to lay up for the parents
dei Syria ũrañen an tsiõ David 2Sa8:6
people-of Syria 3p-indep+act possess+3s-poss+act serve David
the Syrians are now become servants of David
the Syrians became servants to David KJV
engame emaen eko men uranget amen eeow engame emaen ekeow men bet Matt15:14 a party of blind men [lit. without eye] are now become guides [of] a party of blind men they are blind leaders of the blind NJB
mwa ranga ko kamie tinin ngabuna prophet ngabuna t’eo eiy, ngabuna ro reita nanga kamie ngaga re eke ewewet schafe aura karawin me ian burioura uranget wolf ibun in keiyagin Matt7:15 watch out for prophets [when] they are not, those who are going to you when they act like their clothing is sheep’s skin but in their heart they are now become some wolves for dashing [into pieces] beware of false prophets who come to you disguised as sheep but underneath are ravenous wolves NJB
tekeiy nuwawin Sodoma me Gomorrha me mungana dagawa ro pwae ina iruwuror mungana didobo aura kamwiga me aura momwaningeiy tuwet engame ange ia uranget ekewew ngaga ro mogaiy mogaun bita ee ngea eko togin meg Ju1:7
it is like the news of Sodom and Gomorra and those towns round about there [where] after the two of them those [towns] [are] similar [in] their sexual immorality and their lusting for flesh of earthly person [i.e. humans] that they are now become the example when they suffer the pain of the fire that [is] without end
even as Sodom and Gomorrah, and the cities about them, having in like manner with these given themselves over to fornication and gone after strange flesh, are set forth as an example, suffering the punishment of eternal fire ASV
UREIY ~ ŨREI = 3rd trial they three, the three of them [independent pronoun] me e meken iat eraõ, ũrei ãirumena ñain Ge19:30 and he dwelt in a cave, he and his two daughters me eedien tuk engame arumen or eidini, murumena Jacobus ngea ngain Zebedeus me Johannes ngea edin, ngarumena ro reit ngatareiy wongaror iw eow iat ekwo / e tik ãtiet eñame arumen ar etsini, ñea Jakobus ñain Zebedãus, mi Johannes ñea etsin, iat dobot ũrei etõñũrõr, arei õreita ñatarei wañarei iw Matt4:21 me kania, bwe meta ea ureiy amerumena Moses me Elias Mt17:3 and look! for [there] came out to they three[the three of them] those two males Moses and Elijah oerot eran oburobur otur ureiy Mt17:5 a bright cloud overshadowed them me ta ureiy areiy oudon ureiy bwe nim eed ngeiyine Mr9:9 and they questioned [among] themselves that they should find these words
UROR ~ ŨRÕR õmeata a kõ gama ũrõr, bwa amam idõg a ũrõr Ge19:5 e ãt arumen Ebrãer ñag tũ ũrõr ake a ũrõr Ex2:13 two men of the Hebrews were striving together me eirumena or nan eke uror arumen ian ta aikwet tuworor Mr10:8 amerumena ekeow men or nanga me Jesus ouge a uror Matt9:28 mũ ũrõrien waña Eze23 :4 and they became mine
UW tin ia murana nanam oreit otiriwaiy uw me etowida ko ngarana Mr9:44 and if thy foot cause thee to stumble, cut it off tin ia emwin uw bwe enim eke itiyo awe, me wo eo dogon ko 1Co7:21 a nan nanga uw i tekeiy anga amen ire ion Re3:3 I shall come as a thief NWT edegeriw Ge24:8;46:4 abiw Ge27:42 erowiw Ge28:15 wo nim auwã aranom tekei am ta auwe auwãw Le19:18 thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself
ama edegeri uwen! Mr10:28 [we] have been following you am tueb otimor uwen Mr10:52 thy faith hath made thee whole a buog uwen ean ngabumina ibum in gatimor 2Co6:2 and in a day of salvation did I succor thee
Hi Mark! This is great information! It is absolutely wonderful of you to add this here! Great job. I added a few <pre> tags for readability. =) / Jon Harald Søby 18:23, 14 January 2006 (UTC)
pronouns
thanks Jon for making the table more like I formatted it on my p.c. I'm not conversant with all the writing protocols
mark
- Thanks for the information Mark, when I'll have got much time, I'll really learn this by heart! Belgian man 18:13, 15 January 2006 (UTC)
numerals
NAURUAN NUMERALS
The following description is based on Kayser’s Nauruan Grammar and represents Nauruan as it was spoken up to the Second World War. How much of the system is in use today has not been confirmed.
Nauruan has four divisions of numerals:
a. general abstract numeral denoting simply number and used in abstract calculations; b. classificatory numeral or numeral classifier, denoting number and classifier [word class] at the same time; c. demonstrative classificatory numeral, denoting number, classifier and demonstrative function [proximal, distal or remote] at the same time d. distributive classificatory numeral, denoting number, classifier and distribution – though from 5 upwards these are not much used
In addition, Nauruan has classificatory forms for a quantitive interrogative (“how many of such-and-such a class?”) and for a distributive quantitive interrogative (“how many each of such-and-such a class?)
GENERAL ABSTRACT NUMERAL
1 aikwen/aiquön 2 aro 3 aiyu/aiju 4 aeoq 5 aiyimo/aijimo 6 ango/año 7 aeiu 8 aoiyu/aoiju/auju 9 ado
10 ata
20 anaramwa/anarama~ararama
30 animo
40 amma/ama
50 aiyima/aijima
60 angomwa~angoma~ angama/añoma~ añama
70 aemwo/aemo
80 aoiyumwo/aojomo/aujumo
90 adumwa/aduma
100 aibu
200 arobu
300 aiyubu/aijubu
400 abu
500 aiyimower/aijimowar/aijimouer
600 angower/añowar/añouer
700 aewer/aewar/aeuer
800 auyuwer/aojuwar/aujuer
900 adawer/adawar/adauer
1000 aranga/araña
2000 aro erangan
3000 aiyu erangan
4000 aeoq erangan
5000 aiyimo erangan
6000 ango erangan
7000 aeiu erangan
8000 aoiyu erangan
9000 ado erangan
According to Kayser’s Nauruan Grammar, the highest number employed in pre-colonial Nauru was a thousand thousands, i.e. a million - aranga erangan [arena e arañan, NG].
Between the tens, hundreds and thousands, compound numbers are used:
11 ata m aikwen 12 ata m aro 13 ata m aiyu 14 ata m aeoq 15 ata m aiyimo 16 ata m ango 17 ata m aeiu 18 ata m aoiyu 19 ata m ado
The thousands are connected to the hundreds, the hundreds to the tens, and the tens to the units.
Your account will be renamed
Hello,
The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.
Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Mark. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Mark~nawiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.
Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.
Sorry for the inconvenience.
Yours,
Keegan Peterzell
Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation
03:54, 18 March 2015 (UTC)
Renamed
This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: Special:GlobalRenameRequest. -- Keegan (WMF) (talk)
04:41, 17 April 2015 (UTC)